Figures, Tables, and Listings (IM: XG)

Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Graphics /

Figures, Tables, and Listings
Color Plates
Color Plate 1 The effect of transfer modes on bitmap shapes
Color Plate 2 A blended color ramp bitmap
Color Plate 3 A bitmap with an eight-color color set
Color Plate 4 A color ramp bitmap
Color Plate 5 Transformed bitmaps
Color Plate 6 A bitmap drawn with and without a transfer mode
Preface About This Book xxiii
Figure P-1 Roadmap to the QuickDraw GX suite of books xxiv
Chapter 1 Introduction to QuickDraw GX Graphics 1-1
Figure 1-1 Shape object structure 1-5
Table 1-1 Where to find information on shape-type conversion 1-6
Figure 1-2 The geometric shape types and examples of geometric
shape geometries 1-8
Figure 1-3 A polygon shape with a single polygon contour containing
three geometric points 1-10
Figure 1-4 Framed shapes versus solid shapes 1-11
Figure 1-5 Two condensed views of a polygon shape 1-12
Figure 1-6 The geometric style properties and some examples
of their effects 1-13
Figure 1-7 An example of reducing a shape 1-14
Figure 1-8 An example of simplifying a shape 1-14
Figure 1-9 Some examples of the geometric information available
about a shape 1-15
Figure 1-10 Some examples of the geometric arithmetic you can perform
with shapes 1-16
Figure 1-11 Sample bitmap shapes 1-17
Figure 1-12 A bitmap shape 1-18
Figure 1-13 Elements of a bitmap geometry 1-19
Figure 1-14 Sample picture shapes 1-20
Figure 1-15 A picture hierarchy 1-21
Chapter 2 Geometric Shapes 2-1
Figure 2-1 A shape object 2-6
Figure 2-2 The geometric shape types and examples of geometric shape geometries 2-8
Figure 2-3 A polygon shape with a single contour containing three geometric points 2-10
Figure 2-4 Framed shapes versus solid shapes 2-12
Figure 2-5 The various shape fills and examples of their effects 2-13
Figure 2-6 The even-odd rule and winding-number rule algorithms 2-14
Figure 2-7 The inverse even-odd shape fill 2-15
Figure 2-8 Two lines 2-17
Figure 2-9 A quadratic Bézier curve 2-18
Figure 2-10 Finding the midpoint of a curve 2-19
Figure 2-11 Dividing a curve into two smaller curves 2-20
Figure 2-12 A rectangle geometry shown framed and filled 2-21
Figure 2-13 A polygon shape with two polygon contours 2-23
Figure 2-14 A polygon drawn with the even-odd and winding shape fills 2-24
Figure 2-15 A path with two consecutive off-curve points 2-25
Figure 2-16 A path shape filled with the even-odd and winding
shape fills 2-26
Listing 2-1 Drawing a point without creating a point shape 2-30
Figure 2-17 A point 2-30
Listing 2-2 Creating a point shape with the GXNewPoint function 2-31
Listing 2-3 Creating a point shape with the GXNewShapeVector function 2-32
Listing 2-4 Creating a point shape with the GXNewShape and GXSetPoint functions 2-33
Listing 2-5 Using the GXSetPoint function to replace a point
shape's geometry 2-34
Figure 2-18 Two different point geometries 2-35
Listing 2-6 Drawing a line without creating a line shape 2-37
Figure 2-19 A line 2-37
Listing 2-7 Creating a line shape with the GXNewLine function 2-38
Listing 2-8 Drawing two parallel lines 2-39
Figure 2-20 Parallel lines 2-39
Figure 2-21 Nearly parallel lines 2-40
Listing 2-9 Creating a curve shape 2-41
Figure 2-22 A curve 2-42
Listing 2-10 Creating a rectangle shape 2-43
Figure 2-23 A rectangle 2-44
Listing 2-11 Creating a framed rectangle 2-44
Figure 2-24 A framed rectangle 2-45
Listing 2-12 Drawing a triangular polygon 2-46
Figure 2-25 A polygon 2-47
Figure 2-26 A triangular polygon with inverse shape fill 2-47
Listing 2-13 Creating a polygon with two contours 2-49
Figure 2-27 A filled polygon with two separate contours 2-50
Listing 2-14 Creating a polygon with a crossed contour 2-50
Figure 2-28 A framed polygon with a crossed contour 2-51
Figure 2-29 A solid polygon with a crossed contour 2-51
Listing 2-15 Creating a polygon with an overlapping contour 2-52
Figure 2-30 A polygon with an overlapping contour and closed-frame
shape fill 2-53
Figure 2-31 A polygon with an overlapping contour and even-odd
shape fill 2-53
Figure 2-32 A polygon with an overlapping contour and winding
shape fill 2-54
Listing 2-16 Drawing a path shape 2-57
Figure 2-33 A path 2-58
Listing 2-17 Creating a path using only off-curve control points 2-59
Figure 2-34 A round path shape 2-60
Listing 2-18 Creating a path with concentric contours 2-61
Figure 2-35 A path shape with two concentric clockwise contours and closed-frame shape fill 2-62
Figure 2-36 A path shape with two concentric clockwise contours and even-odd shape fill 2-63

Figure 2-37 A path shape with two concentric clockwise contours and
winding shape fill 2-63
Figure 2-38 A path shape with an internal counterclockwise contour and closed-frame shape fill 2-64
Figure 2-39 A path shape with even-odd or winding shape fill 2-65
Listing 2-19 Creating a figure-eight path shape 2-67
Figure 2-40 A figure-eight path shape 2-67
Figure 2-41 A path shape before and after conversion to a rectangle shape 2-68
Figure 2-42 A path shape before and after conversion to a line
shape 2-69
Figure 2-43 A path shape before and after conversion to a point
shape 2-70
Listing 2-20 Converting a line to a curve 2-71
Figure 2-44 A line shape before and after conversion to a curve
shape 2-72
Listing 2-21 Converting a rectangle to a curve 2-72
Figure 2-45 A rectangle shape before and after conversion to a curve shape 2-73
Listing 2-22 Converting a polygon shape to a curve shape 2-73
Figure 2-46 A polygon shape before and after conversion to a curve shape 2-74
Listing 2-23 Converting a rectangle shape to a polygon shape 2-75
Figure 2-47 A rectangle shape before and after conversion to a polygon shape 2-75
Listing 2-24 Converting a path shape to a polygon shape 2-76
Figure 2-48 A path shape before and after conversion to a polygon shape 2-77
Listing 2-25 Converting a polygon shape to a path shape 2-78
Figure 2-49 Polygon shape with two contours before and after
conversion to a path shape 2-79
Listing 2-26 Replacing geometric points 2-80
Figure 2-50 A path shape with a flat top 2-81
Figure 2-51 A path shape with geometric points replaced 2-81
Listing 2-27 Creating a polygon shape with two contours 2-82
Figure 2-52 A polygon shape with two contours 2-83
Listing 2-28 Extracting part of a polygon shape 2-84
Figure 2-53 A polygon shape extracted from a larger polygon
shape 2-85
Listing 2-29 Replacing geometric points of a polygon shape 2-86
Figure 2-54 A polygon with two geometric points replaced by a single geometric point 2-87
Figure 2-55 A polygon shape with one contour 2-87
Listing 2-30 Inserting a geometric point in a polygon shape 2-88
Figure 2-56 A polygon shape edited with the gxBreakNeitherEdit
flag set 2-89
Figure 2-57 A polygon shape edited with the gxBreakLeftEdit
flag set 2-89
Figure 2-58 A polygon shape edited with the gxBreakRightEdit
flag set 2-90
Listing 2-31 Creating a path shape with two curved contours 2-91
Figure 2-59 A path shape with two curved contours 2-92
Figure 2-60 A path shape edited with GXSetPathParts 2-93
Listing 2-32 Creating a path shape with one contour 2-94
Figure 2-61 A path shape with a flat top 2-95
Figure 2-62 A path shape edited to have a pointy top 2-96
Figure 2-63 A path shape edited to have a round top 2-97
Listing 2-33 Creating a diagonal line 2-98
Figure 2-64 A diagonal line 2-99
Figure 2-65 An edited line 2-99
Table 2-1 Shape-related functions that exhibit special behavior with geometric shapes 2-101
Chapter 3 Geometric Styles 3-1
Figure 3-1 Style object with geometric properties highlighted 3-6
Figure 3-2 Shared style objects 3-7
Figure 3-3 Effects of the GXPrimitiveShape function on a line
shape 3-9
Figure 3-4 Effects of the GXPrimitiveShape function on a
rectangle shape 3-10
Figure 3-5 The QuickDraw GX geometric pen 3-15
Figure 3-6 Differing pen widths 3-16
Figure 3-7 Pixels included in a hairline 3-16
Figure 3-8 A geometry with no hairline 3-17
Figure 3-9 Pen placement 3-18
Figure 3-10 Effect of the auto-inset style attribute 3-19
Figure 3-11 Effect of the auto-inset and inside-frame style attributes
for a crossed contour 3-19
Figure 3-12 Eliminating crossed contours 3-20
Figure 3-13 Constraining shapes to grids 3-21
Figure 3-14 Caps, joins, dashes, and patterns 3-22
Figure 3-15 A shape with caps 3-23
Figure 3-16 A shape with level caps 3-24
Figure 3-17 Standard cap shapes 3-24
Figure 3-18 A shape with joins 3-25
Figure 3-19 A shape with level joins 3-26
Figure 3-20 Standard joins 3-26
Figure 3-21 Sharp join with miter 3-27
Figure 3-22 A dashed shape 3-27
Figure 3-23 Scaling a dash shape 3-28
Figure 3-24 Effect of the clip dash attribute 3-29
Figure 3-25 Effects of breaking a dash 3-30
Figure 3-26 Effects of bending a dash 3-30
Figure 3-27 A shape with a pattern 3-31
Figure 3-28 Pattern placed on a nonrectilinear grid 3-32
Figure 3-29 Effects of the port-align pattern attribute 3-32
Figure 3-30 Effects of the port-map pattern attribute 3-33
Figure 3-31 A shape with a cap, join, and pattern 3-34
Figure 3-32 A shape with a dash and a pattern 3-34
Figure 3-33 A shape with a clipped dash and a cap and join 3-35
Listing 3-1 Adding style information by directly manipulating
a style object 3-37
Figure 3-34 Rectangle with thick pen 3-38
Listing 3-2 Manipulating style information indirectly 3-39
Listing 3-3 Constraining a shape to a half-inch grid 3-40
Figure 3-35 Scaled, but not constrained, V shape 3-41
Figure 3-36 Constrained V shape 3-42
Listing 3-4 Creating a shape with fractional geometric point
positions 3-43
Figure 3-37 Rotated star not constrained to device grid
(magnified 200 percent) 3-44
Figure 3-38 Rotated star constrained to device grid
(magnified 200 percent) 3-45
Listing 3-5 Converting a circle to a polygon 3-46
Figure 3-39 Polygon approximation of a circle with curve
error of 1 3-46
Figure 3-40 Polygon approximation of a circle with curve
error of 5 3-47
Figure 3-41 Polygon approximation of a circle with curve
error of 10 3-47
Figure 3-42 Polygon resulting from a curve error of 0 3-48
Listing 3-6 Creating a complicated contour 3-49
Figure 3-43 Wavy line 3-50
Figure 3-44 Wavy line somewhat smoothed by curve
error of 10 3-50
Figure 3-45 Wavy line smoothed by curve error of 15 3-50
Figure 3-46 Wavy line completely straightened by curve
error of 20 3-50
Listing 3-7 Defining a figure eight 3-51
Figure 3-47 A hairline figure eight 3-52
Figure 3-48 A thick figure eight 3-52
Figure 3-49 A figure eight with pen inset 3-53
Figure 3-50 A figure eight with pen outset 3-54
Figure 3-51 A reversed figure eight with pen outset 3-55
Listing 3-8 Removing unwanted contour crossings 3-55
Figure 3-52 Uncrossed figure eight with pen outset 3-56
Listing 3-9 Creating an arrow 3-57
Figure 3-53 An arrow 3-59
Listing 3-10 Adding round caps and square caps to a curve 3-60
Figure 3-54 Round and square caps 3-61
Listing 3-11 Adding joins to a shape 3-61
Figure 3-55 A square with diamond-shaped joins 3-63
Figure 3-56 A square with level joins 3-63
Listing 3-12 Adding a sharp join to an angle shape 3-64
Figure 3-57 An angle with a sharp join 3-65
Figure 3-58 An angle with a truncated sharp join 3-65
Listing 3-13 Creating a curve shape dashed with diamonds 3-66
Figure 3-59 A dashed curve 3-68
Figure 3-60 A curve with scaled dashes 3-68
Figure 3-61 A curve with clipped dashes 3-69
Figure 3-62 A curve with phased dashes 3-69
Listing 3-14 Creating a dashed circle 3-70
Figure 3-63 Circle dashed with diamonds 3-71
Figure 3-64 Circle with automatically advanced dashes 3-72
Figure 3-65 Circle with diamond dashes inset 3-73
Figure 3-66 Circle with diamond dashes moved toward the center 3-74
Figure 3-67 Dash shape with two contours 3-75
Listing 3-15 Creating a dash with multiple contours 3-75
Figure 3-68 Circle dashed with double diamonds 3-76
Figure 3-69 Circle with dashes broken 3-77
Figure 3-70 Circle with hairline dashes 3-78
Figure 3-71 Circle with bent hairline dashes 3-79
Listing 3-16 Wrapping text 3-80
Figure 3-72 Wrapped text 3-81
Listing 3-17 Creating a circle with 12 dashes 3-82
Figure 3-73 Dash positions for a clock 3-83
Listing 3-18 Creating a clock shape 3-83
Figure 3-74 A clock shape 3-85
Listing 3-19 Patterning a shape 3-86
Figure 3-75 A rectangle with a pattern 3-87
Figure 3-76 A framed rectangle with a pattern 3-88
Listing 3-20 Changing a pattern throughout a patterned shape 3-89
Figure 3-77 Shape with changing pattern 3-91
Listing 3-21 Combining a cap, join, and pattern 3-92
Figure 3-78 Angle shape with cap, join, and pattern 3-93
Figure 3-79 Angle shape with dash and pattern; caps and
join ignored 3-94
Figure 3-80 Shape with cap, join, dash, and the clip dash
attribute set 3-95
Chapter 4 Geometric Operations 4-1
Figure 4-1 Line contours 4-5
Figure 4-2 A path shape with two contours 4-6
Figure 4-3 A path whose contour direction is not immediately obvious 4-7
Figure 4-4 A path whose inner contour has the same contour direction
as its outer contour 4-8
Figure 4-5 A path shape whose inner and outer contours have different contour directions 4-8
Figure 4-6 Effects of reducing and simplifying shape geometries 4-10
Figure 4-7 How simplifying a shape can produce more predictable
results when drawing 4-11
Figure 4-8 Simple example of the GXPrimitiveShape function 4-13
Figure 4-9 More involved example of the GXPrimitiveShape function 4-15
Figure 4-10 Geometric information available about a path shape 4-17
Figure 4-11 A path shape resized by changing its bounding rectangle 4-18
Figure 4-12 Testing whether one shape touches another 4-19
Figure 4-13 Testing whether one shape contains another 4-20
Figure 4-14 Geometric arithmetic with two solid shapes 4-21
Figure 4-15 Geometric arithmetic with a framed shape and a solid shape 4-22
Figure 4-16 Geometric inversion 4-22
Listing 4-1 Creating a polygon shape with two contours having opposite contour directions 4-24
Figure 4-17 A polygon shape whose two contours have
opposite contour directions 4-25
Figure 4-18 A polygon shape with the direction of both contours reversed 4-26
Figure 4-19 A polygon shape with the direction of the inner contour reversed 4-27
Listing 4-2 Creating a path shape with a single contour 4-28
Figure 4-20 A path shape with a single contour 4-29
Figure 4-21 A path shape broken into two contours 4-29
Listing 4-3 Creating a polygon with redundant
geometric points 4-31
Figure 4-22 A polygon shape with unnecessary
geometric points 4-31
Figure 4-23 A polygon shape with the unnecessary
geometric points removed 4-32
Listing 4-4 Creating a polygon shape with a crossed contour 4-33
Figure 4-24 A polygon shape with a crossed contour 4-34
Figure 4-25 A polygon shape with no crossed contours 4-34
Listing 4-5 Creating a path shape with two clockwise contours 4-35
Figure 4-26 A path shape with two concentric clockwise contours
and even-odd shape fill 4-36
Figure 4-27 A path shape with two concentric contours with
opposite contour direction 4-36
Figure 4-28 A path shape with two concentric clockwise contours
and winding shape fill 4-37
Figure 4-29 A path shape simplified to a single clockwise contour 4-37
Listing 4-6 Creating an hourglass polygon shape with a thick pen width 4-38
Figure 4-30 A hourglass-shaped polygon with a thick border 4-39
Figure 4-31 A polygon shape with style information incorporated into its geometry 4-39
Figure 4-32 The primitive form of the polygon shape
after simplification 4-40
Listing 4-7 Creating a path shape with two contours having opposite
contour directions 4-41
Figure 4-33 A path with an outer clockwise contour and an inner counterclockwise contour 4-42
Figure 4-34 Finding a specified point on a path contour 4-43
Figure 4-35 Finding the bounding rectangle and the center point of a path 4-44
Figure 4-36 Finding the center point of two contours 4-44
Figure 4-37 Finding the area of a path, two contours with
same contour direction 4-45
Figure 4-38 Finding the area of a path, two contours with
opposite contour direction 4-46
Figure 4-39 Finding the area of a simplified path 4-46
Listing 4-8 Creating a circular path 4-47
Figure 4-40 A circular path 4-48
Figure 4-41 A circular path after bounding rectangle changed 4-48
Figure 4-42 A path shape with a transform mapping 4-49
Listing 4-9 Creating a tight curve shape 4-50
Figure 4-43 A tight curve 4-51
Figure 4-44 An inset curve shape 4-51
Figure 4-45 An outset curve 4-52
Listing 4-10 Creating a rectangle and a circular path shape 4-53
Figure 4-46 A rectangle containing a circular path 4-54
Figure 4-47 A rectangle that touches a circular path shape 4-55
Figure 4-48 A rectangle and a circular path touching
at a single point 4-56
Figure 4-49 A large circular path shape touching a smaller
circular path shape 4-57
Listing 4-11 Creating a path shape with two contours and a
smaller concentric rectangle shape 4-58
Figure 4-50 A path shape with two contours and a smaller concentric
rectangle shape 4-59
Listing 4-12 Creating a diamond-shaped polygon and a circular path that intersect 4-60
Figure 4-51 A diamond-shaped polygon geometry and a circular
path geometry 4-61
Figure 4-52 The intersection of a diamond-shaped polygon and
a circular path 4-61
Figure 4-53 The union of a diamond-shaped polygon and a circular path 4-62
Figure 4-54 The union of a framed diamond-shaped polygon and
a circular path 4-63
Figure 4-55 The result of subtracting a circular path from a diamond-
shaped polygon 4-63
Figure 4-56 The result of subtracting a diamond-shaped polygon
from a circular path 4-64
Figure 4-57 The result of the exclusive-OR operation on a polygon
and a path 4-65
Figure 4-58 An inverted diamond 4-66
Chapter 5 Bitmap Shapes 5-1
Figure 5-1 A bitmap shape 5-4
Figure 5-2 A black-and-white bitmap geometry 5-6
Figure 5-3 A grayscale bitmap geometry 5-7
Figure 5-4 The effect of transfer modes on bitmap shapes 5-9
Figure 5-5 The effect of mappings on bitmap shapes 5-10
Figure 5-6 The effect of the gxMapTransformShape shape
attribute on bitmap mappings 5-11
Figure 5-7 Bitmaps and view devices 5-13
Listing 5-1 Creating a black-and-white bitmap 5-15
Figure 5-8 A black-and-white bitmap--32 bits wide 5-17
Figure 5-9 An example of unaligned bytes per row 5-19
Listing 5-2 A bit image with an even number of bytes per row 5-20
Figure 5-10 An envelope with a shadow 5-20
Figure 5-11 A bitmap with a grayscale color set (four shades) 5-22
Figure 5-12 A bitmap with a grayscale color set (sixteen shades) 5-23
Listing 5-3 Defining a color set 5-23
Figure 5-13 A bitmap with an eight-color color set 5-24
Listing 5-4 Creating a color ramp 5-26
Figure 5-14 A color ramp from red to green 5-28
Listing 5-5 Creating a color ramp using the ramp library 5-28
Listing 5-6 Creating a color ramp using both the ramp and
color libraries 5-29
Figure 5-15 Dithered bitmaps 5-31
Listing 5-7 Halftoning a bitmap 5-31
Figure 5-16 Halftoned bitmaps 5-32
Listing 5-8 Applying a transfer mode to a bitmap 5-33
Figure 5-17 A blended color ramp 5-34
Listing 5-9 Converting a path to a bitmap 5-35
Figure 5-18 A bitmap representation of a path shape 5-36
Figure 5-19 A bitmap and its bounding rectangle 5-36
Figure 5-20 A bitmap drawn over a background 5-37
Figure 5-21 A bitmap with a transfer mode drawn
over a background 5-38
Figure 5-22 A path shape converted to a bitmap shape 5-39
Figure 5-23 A path shape converted to a bitmap shape and
then skewed 5-39
Figure 5-24 A color ramp bitmap 5-40
Figure 5-25 A bitmap after multiple transformations 5-40
Listing 5-10 Scaling text 5-41
Figure 5-26 Scaled text 5-41
Listing 5-11 Scaling a bitmap 5-42
Figure 5-27 Scaled text and a scaled bitmap 5-42
Figure 5-28 A clipped bitmap 5-43
Listing 5-12 Creating a black-and-white bitmap 5-46
Listing 5-13 Creating an offscreen bitmap 5-49
Figure 5-29 Multiple shapes drawn to a bitmap 5-51
Listing 5-14 Creating an offscreen bitmap using the
offscreen library 5-51
Figure 5-30 An extracted bitmap 5-53
Figure 5-31 An edited bitmap 5-54
Table 5-1 Shape-editing functions that post errors or warnings
when applied to bitmaps 5-55
Table 5-2 Geometric operations that post errors or warnings
when applied to bitmaps 5-56
Table 5-3 Shape-related functions that exhibit special behavior
when applied to bitmaps 5-57
Table 5-4 Geometric operations that exhibit special behavior
when applied to bitmaps 5-58
Table 5-5 Transform-related functions that exhibit special behavior
when applied to bitmaps 5-60
Table 5-6 View-related functions that can be applied
to bitmaps 5-61
Chapter 6 Picture Shapes 6-1
Figure 6-1 A picture shape 6-4
Figure 6-2 A picture item 6-5
Figure 6-3 A picture geometry with two items 6-6
Figure 6-4 Condensed view of picture with two items 6-7
Figure 6-5 A picture shape with overrides 6-9
Figure 6-6 A picture containing multiple references
to the same shape 6-10
Figure 6-7 A condensed view of a picture with
multiple references 6-11
Figure 6-8 Multiple references with overriding transforms 6-12
Figure 6-9 Multiple references with overriding styles, inks,
and transforms 6-14
Figure 6-10 An empty picture shape and a polygon shape 6-15
Figure 6-11 Adding a polygon shape to a picture shape 6-16
Figure 6-12 Adding a shape to a picture twice 6-17
Figure 6-13 A condensed view of a picture hierarchy 6-18
Figure 6-14 A path shape and its transform 6-19
Figure 6-15 A picture with an overriding transform 6-20
Figure 6-16 Simple transform concatenation 6-21
Figure 6-17 Intricate transform concatenation 6-23
Figure 6-18 A picture shape and hit-test points 6-25
Listing 6-1 Creating a simple picture of a house 6-28
Figure 6-19 A picture of a house with a roof and a door 6-29
Listing 6-2 Disposing of shapes contained in a picture
before disposing of the picture 6-30
Listing 6-3 Extracting and editing items from a picture 6-31
Figure 6-20 A picture of a house with a relocated door 6-32
Listing 6-4 Defining new shapes for the house picture 6-33
Listing 6-5 Adding new shapes to the house picture 6-34
Figure 6-21 A house with a lawn, walkway, and chimney 6-35
Listing 6-6 Removing an item from a picture 6-36
Figure 6-22 A house with chimney removed 6-36
Listing 6-7 Replacing one shape with another 6-37
Figure 6-23 A house with the chimney replaced 6-37
Listing 6-8 Creating style, ink, and transform objects 6-38
Listing 6-9 Creating a picture whose items have overriding
styles, inks, and transforms 6-39
Listing 6-10 Disposing of overriding style, ink, and transform
objects before drawing 6-40
Figure 6-24 A house picture with an overriding style, ink,
and transform 6-40
Listing 6-11 Adding four items that reference the same
shape to a house picture 6-41
Listing 6-12 Disposing of the white rectangle and the three
transform objects before drawing 6-42
Figure 6-25 A house with four windows 6-42
Listing 6-13 Adding unique items to a picture 6-43
Figure 6-26 A house with four windows and four unique overriding transforms 6-44
Listing 6-14 Creating a picture hierarchy 6-45
Figure 6-27 A house rotated by 90 degrees two times 6-45
Listing 6-15 Creating a picture hierarchy 6-46
Figure 6-28 Grounds picture 6-47
Figure 6-29 House picture 6-47
Figure 6-30 Picture containing grounds picture and
house picture 6-48
Listing 6-16 Hit-testing a picture shape 6-49
Figure 6-31 Hit-testing the picture of house and grounds 6-49
Figure 6-32 Hit-testing the picture at depth 2 and level 1 6-50
Table 6-1 Hit-testing a picture at different depths and levels 6-51
Table 6-2 Geometric operations that post errors or warnings
when applied to pictures 6-53
Table 6-3 Shape-related functions that exhibit special
behavior when applied to pictures 6-54
Table 6-4 Geometric operations that exhibit special
behavior when applied to pictures 6-55